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Tom transcripts

According to B F skinner (1953) imitation and reinforcement are basic learning structures for learning, which is used by not only humans but animals too. In terms of child language acquisition this is the process of a child learning, understanding and correctly interpreting language. This “active” process is called operant conditioning, which consists of 3 types of consequences of behaviour, these are; Positive reinforcement – is receiving a reward when certain behaviour is performed, for example a parent praising their child for correcting pronouncing a word or standard phrase or utterance, to praise them in the hope they will replicate this in the future. This is evident in text A, where Tom who is age 2years; 7months is talking to his parents but in this text he is helping mend bikes with his mother and father. E.g. Echoing “I need to fix dad’s bike OK” “you need to fix Dad’s bike”, this is a form of positive reinforcement because the parent is clearly agreeing with the child...
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How are our dialects changing? Dialect blog-16/11/2015

One theory from a 1930’s linguist is that ‘all English-men are branded on the tongue from birth and that a person could tell so much about another as soon as they opened their mouth, in particular not just the region they came from but also the social class they aspired to’. Our dialects form and are a part of our identities whether we like them or not. It was a century ago that George Bernard Shaw, an Irish playwright wrote that ‘no English man can open his mouth without another despising him’. It’s remarkable that 100 years on this is still incredibly true, that so much about ourselves is judged by the way you speak. Assumptions of your class and in some cases intelligence levels can be formed on the basis on just your language. Did you know this? From the size of the UK in comparison to countries like America, Russia and China, you would assume that the amount of dialects spoken is minimal, however this couldn’t be further from the truth. There are roughly above 30 distinct...
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